UASB anaerobic reactors

Summarize

Wastewater anaerobic biological technology because of its huge processing power and potential application prospect, has been water treatment technology research hot spot. From the traditional anaerobic contact technology development to now widely popular UASB process, wastewater anaerobic treatment technology has become increasingly mature.
 Anaerobic biological treatment as use of anaerobic sex of the metabolism of microbial characteristics, no need to provide foreign energy conditions to be restored by organic matter as hydrogen body, at the same time create energy value of the methane gas. Anaerobic biological treatment method not only apply to high concentration organic wastewater, feed the highest concentration of BOD tens of thousands of mg/l, also can be used in low concentration of organic wastewater, such as urban sewage and waste water.

The origin of the UASB
   In 1971, the Netherlands Wagner's NingGen (Wageningen) agricultural university Latin case (Lettinga) professor through the physical structure design, use the gravitational field for different density material works in difference, invented the three-phase separator. Make active sludge retention time and waste water retention time separation, formed ShangLiuShi anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) of the prototype reactor. In 1974, the Netherlands in its CSM 6 m3 reactor beet sugar refinery wastewater treatment, found the active sludge formation mechanism of their own immobilized biological gather body structure, namely the granular sludge (granular sludge). The emergence of granular sludge, not only promote to as a representative of the second generation UASB anaerobic reactors applications and development, but also for the third generation of the birth of anaerobic reactors to lay the foundation.

UASB Working principle

  UASB include: sludge reaction district, gas to liquid solid three-phase separator (including precipitation area) the gas chamber of three parts. In the bottom of the reaction to retain a large number of anaerobic sludge, has good performance and coagulation precipitate performance of the sludge layer sludge in formation. To deal with sewage from anaerobic sludge bed bottom sludge layer into and sludge in the mixed contact, the microbial decompose sewage sludge of organic matter, put it into the methane gas. Methane bubbles form with a small constantly released, tiny bubbles rise in process, and constantly merger, and gradually form a larger bubble, in the sludge bed because of the biogas stir to form a sludge concentration is the thin sludge and water up into the three-phase separator together, the reflection of the biogas met separator plates, bends to the reflection board around, and across the water into the gas chamber, concentrated in the gas chamber methane, with a catheter and export of solid-liquid mixture into the three-phase separator passes reflection of the precipitation area, the sewage sludge happen flocculation, particle increase gradually, and by gravity settlement. Precipitation to the wall and the inclined slough inclined wall slid back into anaerobic reaction zone, the accumulation of the reaction of the sludge, and sludge separation of water after treatment from precipitation area of the overflow weir upper overflow, and then discharge sludge bed.

The basic requirements:

(1) for sludge flocculation provide favorable physical, chemical, and mechanical condition, anaerobic sludge to obtain and maintain good precipitation performance;

(2) good sludge bed often can form a fairly stable biological phase, maintain certain micro ecology environment, can resist strong anti-disturbance force, a larger body has good precipitation flocculant performance, so as to improve the equipment within the sludge concentration;

(3) through the in sludge bed equipment installed in a precipitation area, make fine particles in the sludge precipitation in sludge layer further flocculation and precipitation, and then back into the sludge in bed.

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