Rubber dams can be divided into water-filled and air-filled types according to the inflatable medium. When the water-filled rubber dam overflows from the dam top, the bag shape is relatively stable, the water flows evenly, and the scouring to the downstream is small; because the gas has greater compressibility, when the inflated rubber dam overflows from the dam top, a notch phenomenon appears, the water flow is concentrated, and the scouring to the downstream river channel is strong. In frozen areas, the medium in the inflatable rubber dam does not have the problem of freezing; the water-filled rubber dam does not have this advantage. The air-tightness requirements of the inflatable rubber dam are high; the requirements of the water-filled rubber dam in this regard are relatively low. The engineering investment of the inflatable rubber dam is lower than that of the water-filled rubber dam. When selecting a plan, the appropriate dam type should be selected based on the application requirements and working conditions, considering the above advantages and disadvantages.