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Description:Biodiesel The process of converting vegetable oils into Biodiesel is called transesterification. An alcohol and a catalyst is mixed with the oil in order to "crack" the oil into esters and glycerol. During this process, the catalyst allows the alcohol to substitute itself for the glycerin, and the heavier Glycerin falls out of the mixture, leaving alkyl esters. The glycerol is removed and what remains is the "alkyl esters of fatty acids" commonly known as biodiesel. Biodiesel can be made from a wide range of easily renewable plant oil sources and animal fats even waste oils thrown away by most restaurants. The two most commonly used chemicals in Transesterification are methanol and sodium hydroxide. These chemicals are used in their highest purity and can be very dangerous if you do not know what you are doing or if your equipment is not designed and built safely. Making biodiesel from fresh oil: Making biodiesel from virgin oil is the easiest but is also the most expensive. The following will describe the basic process for making a batch of biodiesel from fresh vegetable oil. 1) Prepare your methoxide in a suitable container. This typically consists of 25% methanol by volume of oil and 4.0 grams sodium hydroxide per liter of oil mixed together well. (The difference between making biodiesel from fresh oil and making it from waste oil lies in the amount of catalyst used. See "making biodiesel from waste oil" in the next section.) Note: make sure all the sodium hydroxide is dissolved before proceeding 2) Pour your oil into your reaction vessel 3) Warm to approx. 50C (120F) 4) Pour the methoxide in on top of the oil 5) Agitate the mixture vigorously for about 30 seconds (continuous gentle stirring for the next hour is recommended) 6) Stop stirring and let the mixture settle and separate overnight 7) You should now have a reactor vessel containing lighter colored The process: 1) Prepare your methoxide in a suitable container. This typically consists of 25% methanol by volume of oil and 4.0 grams plus titration amount of sodium hydroxide per liter of oil mixed together well. (Use 4.0g Sodium Hydroxide for pure fresh oil. Use titration for waste oils) 2) Note: make sure all the sodium hydroxide is dissolved before proceeding 3) Pour the methoxide on top of the oil 4) Agitate the mixture vigorously for about 30 seconds. (Continuous gentle stirring for the next hour is recommended) 5) Let the mixture settle and separate overnight 6) You should now have a reactor vessel containing lighter colored biodiesel on top of a layer of darker glycerin. 7) Continue on to washing More detailed and practical instructions are available in the biodiesel discovery kit. Washing: 1) We highly recommend washing biodiesel 2) There are three ways to wash biodiesel a) Mix washing b) Bubble washing c) Mist washing 6) These are too much involved to cover here but here is the basic premise behind washing 1) Pass water droplets through the esters to allow soluble material, excess catalyst and other impurities to stick to the water and be settled to the bottom of the vessel 2) The water should be removed from the vessel periodically 3) Wash until the wash water drained out is clear or the pH of the biodiesel becomes relatively neutral Drying: Washing sometimes leaves the biodiesel looking a bit cloudy. This means there's still a little water in it. Heat the biodiesel up slowly to 50C (125F) and hold it there for a little while (15 or 20 minutes). Let the water settle out. Let the mixture sit a couple days if you have to.