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Are you building a new stable for your horse? Or, perhaps you are renovating another
building to serve as a stable. In either case, here are the basics of designing a safe,
comfortable stable for your horse.Although the recommended size for a foaling stall is
the same as a regular stall, many people like more generous sized boxes for mares
and foals. The easiest way to provide roomy accommodations for mares and foals is
to take the partitions out between two regular stalls. Even if you don't plan to have a
foal, it is handy to design at least one stall with this in mind.
Standing or Tie Stalls
Standing or tie stalls need to be wide enough for a horse to lie down in comfortably.
Depending on the size of the horse, they should be at least 4ft to 5ft (1.5m) wide and
8ft (2.4m) long. There is usually a manger for hay at the front of a standing stall,
so the width of this should be considered. A pony will need a shorter and narrower
standing stall than a larger draft breed.There will also need to be a sturdy structure
to tie to. It should be high enough so the horse cannot get its leg over the tie rope,
but still be able to reach feed and water.In both standing and box stalls, the walls
should be solid, sturdy lumber to at least 4.6ft (1.4m) high, and above that, grill or
sturdy mesh so that horses can see each other. This also helps with ventilation and
light.
Stall Doors
Stall doors can be either swinging or sliding. In either case there should be latches that
undo easily, but that horses cannot tamper with (many a stall Houdini has escaped and
let out a few friends for an overnight stable ransacking-a clean-up headache for the
owner, as well as a possible safety and health hazard).Swinging doors should open out
into the alley, and be kept shut at all other times. Sliding doors should slide smoothly.
Grain room doors should be locked. Doors should be at least 4 ft (1.2m) wide.
Aisles or Alleyways
Alleyways between stalls should be at least 10ft wide (3m).
Flooring
The most commonly used flooring in stables is concrete. If the surface is roughened, it is
non-slip. Concrete, pavers, or stone floors will not drain naturally, and drains may have
to be placed in stalls. Many stables do not have drainage. This means stalls must be well
cleaned to avoid ammonia build up. Hard flooring such as pavers or concrete are also
easier to disinfect and can be hosed down if necessary. These floors are harder on a
horse's legs though. Many people put stall mats made of rubber like material under the
bedding for greater comfort.If you have sandy soil, you may decide to leave the earth and
not lay down a solid floor. This flooring is easier on the horses legs, may be warmer and
quieter than an un-matted solid floor. Earth floors are harder to clean, and will need
digging out and replacing if the dirt becomes too saturated.
Ceilings
Many older barns designed for cattle have low ceilings that are not high enough for
horses. Sometimes these barns can be raised, or the floor dug out if drainage patterns
permit. This tends to be a costly procedure. Ceiling height should allow the horse to raise
its head comfortably without worrying about hitting the ceiling. A standard room
height of 8ft (2.4m) might be fine for ponies and small horses, but taller horses will
need higher ceilings. Furthermore, make sure there are no protruding nails from second
story flooring or other obstructions that horse could hit accidentally when it raises its head.
Lighting All lighting and wiring should be installed with safety in mind. All plug-ins in
stables should beGFIC receptacles, and wiring should be rodent and moisture proof.
Check what type of lighting is recommended for outdoor use in your area. Fluorescent
bulbs may not work well in extreme cold. There should be safety cages around light bulbs,
and they should be placed where horses cannot reach them. Switches should be well out
of reach of curious horses. Try to arrange lighting so there is a minimum of dark or
shadowed areas. Work areas, tack and feed rooms should be well light for safety.
Windows
Windows provide natural ventilation and lighting. Incorporate as many as possible in
your stable design. They should be covered with a grill or mesh so horses can't break
the glass. Windows that swing open may work better over the long run then sliders
that tend to fill with dirt and chaff making them stick.
Feeding and Watering Equipment
You'll need to decide how you will water your horses when they are stabled. The most
economical option is a bucket hung upon the wall. Buckets on the floor can get knocked
over making a mucky mess. In the winter, heated buckets keep the water free of ice.
Electrical receptacles with GFCIs will be needed close by for each bucket. Automatic
waters mean no carrying sloshing buckets, but it is more difficult to monitor the horse's
intake. You won't know how much (or little) your horse is drinking. Some horses may
be fussy about drinking out of them, and they need to be insulated against freezing
temperatures. The bowls need frequent cleaning.A bucket on the wall can suffice for
feeding concentrates out of, or you can purchase wall mounted feeding tubs. Hay can be
served on the floor-wasteful if the horse throws it around and soils it. Or you can build a
manger for hay. Mangers need to be deep enough to hold the hay, and have no gaps that
horses could catch legs in if they lay down beside it. They also need to be easy to clean out.
Wall mounted racks and hay nets are not recommended for every day use because they
make the horse or pony eat in an unnatural position with its head up instead of down.
Hay nets are also a hazard because horses can easily become entangled.