Test items

Measurement rages

Sample type

Clinical significance

CRP

0.5-210mg/L

Whole blood

C– reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, infection and tissue injury. CRP is useful for both the detection of acute episodes as well as in treatment monitoring.

HbA1c

3%-15%

Whole blood

The concentration of HbA1c in the blood of diabetic patients increases with rising blood glucose levels and is representative of the mean blood glucose level over the preceding six to eight weeks. HbA1c can therefore be described as a long term indicator of diabetic control.

Urine Microalbumin

10-200 mg/L

Urine

When the kidneys are damaged, small amounts of albumin leak into the urine. Microalbuminuria is most frequently caused by kidney damage from diabetes. When the kidneys spill protein, it can mean serious kidney damage is present. This can lead to chronic kidney disease.

IgA

0.25-5.0g/L

Serum

Measurement of IgA is used to diagnose diseases of the respiratory tract e.g. tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease and early cirrhosis of the liver. It is also useful in monitoring therapy of IgA myeloma and evaluating IgA immunity.

IgG

2-25g/L

Serum

Measurement of immunoglobulin G is the basis of the serological diagnosis of several infectious diseases. Uses of IgG measurement include diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory diseases, diagnosis of malignancies, to detect the presence of soluble antigens and monitoring therapy in myeloma.

IgM

0.25-4g/L

Serum

IgM measurement has the following uses: to establish diagnosis and monitor therapy in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia and plasma cell myeloma, to detect intra-uterine infection by measuring levels in new born babies, diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and parasitic infections.

C3

0.24-4.5g/L

Serum

Complement is a complex biological system which works in conjunction with antibodies and other factors to protect the body from invasion by pathogens. When activated by either the classical or alternative pathway Complement acts on biological membranes and may cause cell death. Complement C3 and Complement C4 levels are important in determining inherited or acquired deficiencies.

C4

0.07-2.0G/L

Serum

β2- MG

0.5-12mg/L for Serum

1.0-20mg/L for Whole Blood

Serum, Whole blood

Beta-2-Microglobulin is a low molecular weight protein found on the surface of most cells, including white blood cells. When kidney disease is suspected, comparing blood and urine levels helps identify where the kidney is damaged.