Brief Introduction
Synonyms--- Black Elder, Jie Gu Mu (Chinese)
Cyanidin (A particular type of Anthocyanidin)
Chemical Name: 2-(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl) chromenylium-3, 5, 7-triol
Molecular Formula:  C15H11O6+
Mol. Wt.: 287.24
Molecular Structure:



Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments. They are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins based on the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium (chromenylium is referred also to as benzopyrylium). They form a large group of polymethine dye. In particular anthocyanidins are salt derivatives of the 2-phenylchromenylium cation, also known as flavylium cation. The phenyl group at the 2-position can carry different substituents. The counterion of the flavylium cation is mostly chloride. With this positive charge, the anthocyanidins differ from other flavonoids. And 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are a class of anthocyanidins lacking a hydroxyl group on carbon 3.

Anthocyanidins are natural organic compounds. They are pigments found in many redberries including but not limited to grapes, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, elderberry, hawthorn, loganberry, acai berry and raspberry. They can also be found in other fruits such as apples and plums. They are also found in red cabbage. They have characteristic color, though this can change with pH, red ph < 3, violet at pH 7-8, blue at pH > 11. The highest concentrations of Anthocyanidins are found in the skin of the fruit.

Elderberry,Sambucus nigra is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of shrubs or small trees in the moschatel family, Adoxaceae. The genus is native in temperate-to-subtropical regions of both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The leaves are pinnate with 5–9 leaflets (rarely 3 or 11). Each leaf is 5–30 cm (2.0–12 in) long, and the leaflets have serrated margins. They bear large clusters of small white or cream-coloured flowers in late spring; these are followed by clusters of small black, blue-black, or red berries (rarely yellow or white).
The leaves, twigs, branches, seeds and roots of elderberry tree contain a cyanide producing glycoside. Ingesting any of these parts in sufficient quantity can cause a toxic build up of cyanide in the body. In addition, the unripened berry, flowers and "umbels" contain a toxic alkaloid. The active alkaloids in elderberry plants are hydrocyanic acid and sambucine. Both alkaloids will cause nausea so care should be observed with this plant. In addition, "herbal teas" made with elderberry leaves should be treated with high caution. However, ripe berries (pulp and skin) are safe to eat, but only the blue or purple berries of elderberry are edible, the red berries of other species are toxic and should not be gathered.

Elderberries are quite edible. The blue or purple berries are gathered and made into elderberry wine, jam, syrup, and pies. The entire flower cluster can be dipped in batter and fried while petals can be eaten raw or made into a fragrant and tasty tea. The flowers add an aromatic flavor and lightness to pancakes or fritters.

Edible berries and flower are used for medicine and folk medicine. All parts of the elderberry plant are considered to be a valuable healing plant in many folk medicine traditions.

Elderberry flowers contain flavenoids and rutin, which are known to improve immune function, particularly in combination with vitamin “C.” Elderberries are high in Vitamin C. The flowers also contain tannins, which account for its traditional use to reduce bleeding, diarrhea, and congestion.


Benefits

•  Antioxidant Effect
•  Radical-Scavenging Effect
•  Stimulate Immune System
•  Anti-cancer
•  Cardiovascular Protection
•  Anti-inflammatory Effect
•  Wound Healing Effect
•  Relieving Pain
•  Relieving Fever

Mechanism

Referring to the information above.

Safety

Elderberry Extract is safe.

Dosage

•  The typical dose is 300-900mg per day (usually in 2-3 doses throughout the day).
•  Consult physicians for different condition specifics.

GNI’s Elderberry Extract Features and Benefits:

Elderberry is one of GNI’s most competitive products, with many advantages as list in the following, produced as our patent-pending process and know-how technology from Sambucus nigra L. fruit (berry).

•  Produced with pure water only
•  High purity: over 25%
•  NO solvent - residual free
•  Pesticide-free
•  Dark Red in appearance
•  High solubility in water
•  High anti-bacteria, and longer shelf life

Product Specifications:

1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% Anthocyanidins UV (Berry)
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% Flavonoids UV (Leaf and Flower)