【 Plant Morphology 】 :

A perennial herb with creeping, slender stems and roots at nodes. Leaf blade membranous to grassy, rounded, reniform or horseshoe shaped, 1-2.8 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, margin obtusely serrated, base broadly cordate, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pilose on abaxially vented; Palmate veins 5-7, both surfaces raised, upper veins bifurcated; Petiole 1.5-27 cm long, glabrous or upper pilose, base leaf sheath transparent, membranous. Corymbose 2-4, gathered in leaf axils, 0.2-1.5 cm long, glabrous or glabrous; Bracts usually 2, rarely 3, ovate, membranous, 3-4 mm long, 2.1-3 mm wide; Each umbel has 3-4 flowers, clustered capitally, flowers sessile or with short stalks 1 mm long; Petals oval, purplish red or milky white, membranous, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 1.1-1.2 mm wide; Style ca. 0.6 mm; Filaments shorter than petals, as long as style.

【 Character 】 :

The grass is often curled into clumps. The root is cylindrical, 2 ~ 4cm long, 1 ~ 1.5mm in diameter, with a light yellow or grayish yellow surface. The stem is slender and curved, yellow-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and the nodes often have whisker-like roots. The leaves are mostly wrinkled and broken, and the intact ones are nearly round or reniform after flattening, with a diameter of 1 ~ 4cm, gray-green, and coarse blunt teeth at the edges. Petiole 3 ~ 6cm long, twisted. Umbel axillary, short. Double hanging fruit, oblate round, with distinctly raised longitudinal rib and fine reticulate, fruit stem very short. Faint gas, light taste.

【 Active ingredient 】 :

The product contains a variety of triterpenoids, including α-balsaminol structure. The main components are asiaticoside, hydroxyasiaticoside. The main components are levostonalool (pinocamphone), L-menthone (menthone), pulelgone (pulelgone), α-pinene (α-pinene), β-pinene (β-pinene), limonene (limonene), 1-8-cineole (1,8-cineole), p-cymene (p-cymene), isomenthone (isopinocamphone), isopinocamphone (linalool), mentholk and α-terpineol, etc. The composition varies according to origin, use and other factors. glechomafuran and glechomanolide are also included. In addition, it also contains ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, succinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, choline, vitamin C and stachyose, etc.