Hematoxylin Detailed introduction:
Synonyms: hematoxylin;h(a)ematine
Molecular Formula: C16H14O6
Molecular Weight: 302.28
Cas No.: 517-28-2

Melting Point:200°C

Hematoxylin-eosin staining (hematoxylin-eosin staining), referred to as HE staining, paraffin section technology commonly used in one of the dyeing method. Hematoxylin is alkaline, mainly in the nucleus of the chromatin and the cytoplasm of the ribosomes purple blue; red for the acid dye, the main cytoplasm and extracellular matrix in the composition of red. HE staining is the most basic and most widely used technique in histology, embryology, pathology teaching and research.

Dye classification:
The properties that are easy to be colored by alkaline or acidic dyes are called basophilia and acidophilia, while neutrophils and acid dyes have weak affinity as neutrophilia.
The proteins in the tissue constitute a lot of amino acids in the protein, and they have different isoelectric points. In the ordinary dyeing method, the pH value of the dyeing liquid is about pH6, the intracellular acidic substances such as the chromatin of the nucleus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Nissl body in the gland cells and nerve cells are stained with alkaline dyes, Called basophilic. And other proteins in the cytoplasm, such as red blood cells in hemoglobin, eosinophils particles and collagen fibers and muscle fibers are stained by acid dyes, these substances known as eosinophilic. If you change the pH of the dyeing solution, pH value increases, the original acid dyes can be converted into substances of basophilic alkalinity; pH reduction, the original dyestuff dyeing material can become eosinophilic. So that the pH value of the staining solution can affect the dyeing reaction.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on the two chains of the phosphate group outward, with a negative charge, acidic, it is easy and positively charged hematoxylin dyes with ion bonding and was stained. Hematoxylin is blue in alkaline solution, so the nucleus is stained blue. Eosin Y (tetrabromofluorescein) is a chemically synthesized acid dye that dissociates into a negatively charged anion in water and binds to the positively charged cation of the protein to make the cytoplasm, cytoplasm, erythrocyte, muscle, connective Tissues, eosinophils, etc. are dyed in different degrees of red or pink, in sharp contrast to the blue nuclei. Euphorbia is a good dye for cytoplasm.
Due to the different composition of the organization or cells on the hematoxylin affinity and dyeing properties are not the same. After hematoxylin staining, the nucleus and calcium salt mucus and other blue, available hydrochloric acid alcohol differentiation and weak alkaline solution was blue, such as the appropriate treatment, can make the nucleus clear dark blue, cytoplasm and other ingredients decolorization. And then the use of cytoplasmic dye Euphorbia cytoplasm, so that the various components of the cytoplasm and showing a different depth of different pink. So a variety of tissue or cell components and lesions of the general morphological structure can be displayed.
Staining results:
The nucleus is stained with hematoxylin into bright blue, cartilage matrix, calcium salt particles were dark blue, mucus was gray blue. The cytoplasm is stained with different shades of pink to pink, and the eosinophilic particles in the cytoplasm are bright red. Collagen fiber was pale pink, elastic fiber was bright pink, red blood cells were orange, protein liquid was pink.
The coloring is related to the type of tissue or cell, and also changes with its life cycle and pathological changes. For example, many cells in the nascent period of cytoplasm on the red color of light or slightly basophilic, when its aging or degenerative changes are eosinophilic staining. Collagen fibers in the aging and transparent denaturation, the red color from shallow to deep.

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