Sapphire is an ultra-high purity single crystal material that is the second hardest material (Moh's Hardness Upto 9H) after Diamond(10H) . It has excellent insulating properties and optical transmittance from 200nm~5000nm; AVG>85% @ Visible Light Freqency. It also has great abrasion and corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion and excellent mechnical properties.

Sapphire tubes are ideal material for wide range of industrial applications such as semi-conductors processing, test and analytics, and Lamps and Lamp Envelopes. Typical applications for test and analysics include Biological and chemical sample analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy, plugged tubes, Thermo-optic temperature measurement, and Inline Petroleum processing analysis. Sapphire tubes are also used as Plasma containment tubes, Process gas injectors, Thermocouple protection, Water treatment, and High intensity lamps.