Suppository refers to a solid preparation of a drug and a suitable matrix for intracavitary administration. The suppository is
solid at normal temperature. After being inserted into the cavity, it can rapidly soften or dissolve in the secretion at body
temperature, and gradually release the drug to produce local or systemic effects. In the early days, it was thought that
suppositories only played a local role such as lubrication, convergence, antibacterial, insecticidal, local anesthesia, etc.
Later, it was found that suppositories can still exert systemic effects through rectal absorption of drugs, and can avoid the
first-pass effect of the liver.
Differently divided into rectal, vaginal, urethral suppositories, such as anal plugs, vaginal suppositories, urethral plugs,
dental plugs, etc., the most commonly used are anal plugs and vaginal plugs. In order to adapt to the application site of the body, the properties and weight of the suppository are different, and generally have clear regulations.
1 )anal plug The anal plug has a conical shape, a cylindrical shape, a torpedo shape and the like. Each weight is about 2g, 3-4cm long, and about 1g for children. Among them, the shape of the torpedo is better, and after being inserted into the anus, it is easily pressed into the rectum due to contraction of the sphincter. The drug in the anal plug can only exert a local therapeutic effect.
2) vaginal suppository vaginal suppository has a spherical shape, oval shape, duckbill shape, etc., each weight about 2-5g, diameter 1.5-2.5cm, which has the largest surface area of the duckbill.
3 ) urethral plug has men and women, male weight of about 4g, length 1-1.5cm; female weight of about 2g, length 0.60-0.75cm. The weight of the above suppository is made of cocoa butter, and the weight of the suppository is different if the specific gravity of the matrix is different.
According to the preparation process and release characteristics of the classification
1 ) double-layer suppository: one is the inner and outer layers containing different drugs, the other is the upper and lower
layers, respectively, using water-soluble or fat-soluble matrix, separate different drugs in different layers, control each The
layer dissolves, giving the drug a different release rate.
2 ) hollow plug: can achieve the purpose of rapid release. The hollow portion is filled with a variety of different solid or
liquid drugs, and the dissolution rate is faster than ordinary suppositories.
3 ) control, slow release plug: microcapsule type, skeleton type, osmotic pump type [medicine.. education network collection and processing], gel sustained release type.