Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The
typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely
casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and
non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast
aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strengths
than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si, where the high levels of silicon (4.0–13%)
contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where
light weight or corrosion resistance is required.
Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace manufacturing since the introduction of metal-skinned
aircraft. Aluminium-magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than alloys that contain a very high percentage of magnesium.
Aluminium alloy surfaces will develop a white, protective layer of aluminium oxide if left unprotected by anodizing and/or correct painting procedures. In a wet environment, galvanic corrosion can occur when an aluminium alloy is placed in electrical contact
with other metals with more positive corrosion potentials than aluminium, and an electrolyte is present that allows ion exchange.
Referred to as dissimilar-metal corrosion, this process can occur as exfoliation or as intergranular corrosion. Aluminium alloyscan be improperly heat treated. This causes internal element separation, and the metal then corrodes from the inside out. Aluminium alloy compositions are registered with The Aluminum Association.Man organizations publish more specific standards for
the manufacture of aluminium alloy, including the Society of Automotive Engineers standards organization, specifically its
aerospace standards subgroups,and ASTM International.
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