Introduction

Grade 904L stainless steel is a non-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with low carbon content. This high alloy stainless steel is added with copper to improve its resistance to strong reducing acids, such as sulphuric acid. The steel is also resistant to stress corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion. Grade 904L is non-magnetic, and offers excellent formability, toughness and weldability.

Composition

The table below provides the compositional ranges of grade 904L stainless steels:

Mechanical Properties

The typical mechanical properties of grade 904L stainless steels are given in the table below:

Heat Resistance

Grade 904L stainless steels offer good oxidation resistance. However, the structural stability of this grade collapses at high temperatures, particularly above 400°C.

Heat Treatment

Grade 904L stainless steels can be solution heat-treated at 1090 to 1175°C, following by rapid cooling. Thermal treatment is suitable for hardening these grades.

Fabrication

Grade 904L stainless steels are high purity steels with low sulphur content. They can be machined using any standard methods. These grades can be readily bent to a small radius under cold conditions. Although subsequent annealing is not required in most cases, it should be carried out when the fabrication is performed under severe stress corrosion cracking conditions.

Applications

Some of the major applications of grade 904L stainless steels include:

· Wiring in electrostatic precipitators

· Oil refinery components

· Seawater cooling devices

· Gas scrubbing plants

· Pulp and paper processing industries

· Acetic, phosphoric and sulphuric acid processing plants

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