Product Details

Stainless Steel stair railing

Product Description

Grade 304 is the standard "18/8" stainless; it is the most versatile and most widely used stainless steel, available in a wider range of products, forms and finishes than any other. It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. The balanced austenitic structure of Grade 304 enables it to be severely deep drawn without intermediate annealing, which has made this grade dominant in the manufacture of drawn stainless parts such as sinks, hollow-ware and saucepans. For these applications it is common to use special "304DDQ" (Deep Drawing Quality) variants. Grade 304 is readily brake or roll formed into a variety of components for applications in the industrial, architectural, and transportation fields. Grade 304 also has outstanding welding characteristics. Post-weld annealing is not required when welding thin sections.

Grade 304L, the low carbon version of 304, does not require post-weld annealing and so is extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm). Grade 304H with its higher carbon content finds application at elevated temperatures. The austenitic structure also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.

Composition ranges for 304 grade stainless steel

Grade

304

min.

max.

0.08

2.0

0.75

0.045

0.030

18.0

20.0

8.0

10.5

0.10

304L

min.

max.

0.030

2.0

0.75

0.045

0.030

18.0

20.0

8.0

12.0

0.10

304H

min.

max.

0.04

0.10

2.0

0.75

-0.045

0.030

18.0

20.0

8.0

10.5

Mechanical properties of 304 grade stainless steel

Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa) min	Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min	Elongation (% in 50mm) min	Hardness
Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa) min	Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min	Elongation (% in 50mm) min	Rockwell B (HR B) max	Brinell (HB) max
304	515	205	40	92	201
304L	485	170	40	92	201
304H	515	205	40	92	201
304H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM No 7 or coarser.

Possible alternative grades to 304 grade stainless steel

Grade	Why it might be chosen instead of 304
301L	A higher work hardening rate grade is required for certain roll formed or stretch formed components.
302HQ	Lower work hardening rate is needed for cold forging of screws, bolts and rivets.
303	Higher machinability needed, and the lower corrosion resistance, formability and weldability are acceptable.
316	Higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is required, in chloride environments
321	Better resistance to temperatures of around 600-900°C is needed…321 has higher hot strength.
3CR12	A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and resulting discolouration are acceptable.
430	A lower cost is required, and the reduced corrosion resistance and fabrication characteristics are acceptable.

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