The freeze dryer consists of a refrigeration system, a vacuum system, a heating system, and an electrical instrumentation control system. The main components of the freeze dryer are drying oven, condenser, refrigerating unit, vacuum pump, heating/cooling device and so on. Freeze Dryer Its working principle is to freeze the items to be dried to below the triple point temperature, and then under vacuum conditions to make the solid water (ice) in the product directly sublimate into water vapor, remove from the goods, make the goods dry. After the material is pre-treated, it is sent to a quick-freezing chamber for freezing, then sent to a drying warehouse for sublimation and dehydration, and then packaged in a post-processing workshop. The freeze dryer vacuum system establishes a low pressure condition for the sublimation drying chamber. The heating system provides sublimation latent heat to the material, and the refrigeration system provides the required coldness to the cold trap and drying chamber. The lyophilizer adopts high-efficiency radiant heating, and the material is heated evenly; the high-efficiency catching cold trap can be used to achieve rapid defrosting; the high-efficiency vacuum unit can be used to realize the oil-water separation; the parallel centralized cooling system is adopted, and the multiple-channels are on-demand cooling. Stable conditions, favorable energy saving; using artificial intelligence control, high control accuracy, easy operation.

　　The quality requirements for freeze-dried products are: constant biological activity, uniform appearance, color, full shape, firm structure, fast dissolution rate, and low residual moisture. To obtain high-quality products, we should have a more comprehensive understanding of the theory and process of freeze-drying. Freeze-dryer freeze-drying process includes pre-freezing, sublimation and re-freezing three stages. Reasonably and effectively shortening the cycle of lyophilization has obvious economic value in industrial production.

　　The dried products generally have the problem of shrinking the volume and hardening the texture. Most of the volatile components are lost. Some heat-sensitive substances are denatured and inactivated, and some substances even oxidize. Therefore, there is a large difference in the properties of the dried product compared to that before drying. The lyophilization method is basically carried out at a temperature below 0°C, that is, when the product is frozen, the product is allowed to rise above 0°C only when the residual moisture content of the product is later reduced, but generally does not exceed 40°C. Under vacuum conditions, when the water vapor sublimates directly, the drug remains in the frozen ice shelf, forming a sponge-like porous structure, so the volume of the freeze dryer is almost constant after drying. Before using it again, as soon as water for injection is added, it dissolves immediately.

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