Almost every lubricant used inplants today started off as just a base oil. The American Petroleum Institute(API) has categorized base oils into five categories (API 1509, Appendix E).The first three groups are refined from petroleum crude oil. Group IV base oilsare full synthetic (polyalphaolefin) oils. Group V is for all other base oilsnot included in Groups I through IV. Before all the additives are added to themixture, lubricating oils begin as one or more of these five API groups.

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