Brief Descriptions of Francis turbine

Francis turbines can be designed for a wide range of heads and flows and are the most common water turbine in use today. The Francis turbine has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, low cost, high efficiency at full capacity (typically over 90%), stable in running, applicable to a wide range of water heads.

The Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine, a category of turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under immense pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid. A Francis turbine consists of the following main parts: Spiral Casing, Guide or Stay Vanes, Runner Blades, Draft tube, etc.. 

Francis turbines are almost always mounted with the shaft vertical to keep water away from the attached generator and to facilitate installation and maintenance access to it and the turbine.

Application scope
Application scope of heads: 10m ~ 650m 
Runner diameters: 1.0 m ~ 10.0m 
Installable capacity: 200KW ~ 200000KW 
Specific ratio speed: 50 ~ 300