Urea is a white crystalline substance with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. it is highly water soluble and contains 46% Nitrogen. Urea is considered an organic compound because it contains carbon. Urea is now the major fertlizer traded in the international market. It accounts for more than 50% of the Nitrogen fertilizer in world trade, and when compared to other dry fertilizers, Urea has captured more than 65% of the market.  

Process
Urea is manufactured synthetically by reacting natural gas, atmospheric Nitrogen and water to produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) with Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3). The Carbon Dioxide (CO2) with Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) is then combined under 3,000 psi pressure and at 350°F to produce molten Urea [CO2 + 2NH3 ­=> CO(NH2)2 + H2O]. The resulting molten mixture is further processed and dehydrated to produce granules.

Use
Urea has a number of advantages over other Nitrogen fertilizers. It is safer to ship and handle, it is less corrosive to equipment, it has a higher analysis than any other dry nitrogen fertilizer, and it is suitable for virtually all crops, across a wide range of environmental conditions. Urea is 46% Nitrogen, and this is the highest concentration dry nitrogen fertilizer available. In short, this means a reduced transportation cost as well as low application cost per kilogram of Nitrogen.

Urea can be stored and distributed through conventional systems. It can be applied in many different ways from sophisticated aerial application equipment to arm spreading by hand. Urea is also highly water soluble so it moves readily into the soil where it is converted to Ammonium (NH4) compounds by the action of Urease, an enzyme present in the soil. This “ammonification” process is usually completed within a few days of Urea application. Soil bacteria then convert the Ammonium to Nitrate (NO3), and this “nitrification” process is usually completed within a few weeks of application.

Please note that the use of fertilizers is not the only factor involved in producing a top yielding crop or pasture. Local soil, climatic and other conditions should also be taken into account, as these will affect crop or pasture responses to any applied fertilizer.

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