Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important crop in the temperate zone. The oldest traces of wheat cultivation are from the seventh pre-Christian millennium in the Middle East and subsequently it spread to Europe, North Africa and Asia. World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than soybeans or the other major cereals, maize (corn) or rice.

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