Catalytic converter
Mufflers are installed within the exhaust system of most internal combustion engines, although the muffler is not designed to serve any primary exhaust function. The muffler is engineered as an acoustic soundproofing device designed to reduce the loudness of the sound pressure created by the engine by way of Acoustic quieting. The majority of the sound pressure produced by the engine is emanated out of the vehicle using the same piping used by the silent exhaust gases absorbed by a series of passages and chambers lined with roving fiberglass insulation and/or resonating chambers harmonically tuned to cause destructive interference wherein opposite sound waves cancel each other out. An unavoidable side effect of muffler use is an increase of back pressure which decreases engine efficiency. This is because the engine exhaust must share the same complex exit pathway built inside the muffler as the sound pressure that the muffler is designed to mitigate.
Mufflers can take care of the silencing chores by three major methods: Absorption, Restriction, and Reflection. Mufflers can use one method, or all three, to attenuate sound that is not so pleasing to the ears of the Highway Patrol.
Complete combustion of hydrocarbons (HC) in the ideal case, CO 2 and H 2 O. Aufgrund nicht idealer Bedingungen enthält das reale motorische Abgas aber auch Produkte der unvollständigen Verbrennung wie CO, schwer oxidierbare Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie unverbrannten Sauerstoff. Due to non-ideal conditions, but the real motor exhaust contains products of incomplete combustion such as CO, unburned hydrocarbons and difficult to oxidise oxygen. Zusätzlich entstehen Stickoxide, die als NO x bezeichnet werden. In addition, oxides of nitrogen, which are referred to as NO x.
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